Attention Deficit and Learning Disorders (ADHD)
Also known as: ADHD
What is ADHD?
Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder of childhood, affecting 3 to 7 percent of school-age children. The three main ADHD symptoms in children include inattention, hyperactivity and a tendency to be impulsive. These traits can lead to difficulties in school, poor interactions with other children and adults, and low self-esteem. Associated disorders can include anxiety, depression, difficult behavior (oppositional defiant disorder), tics and learning disabilities.
Types of ADHD:
- Combined type: As the most common type of ADHD, a combined presentation type is characterized by impulsive and hyperactive behaviors as well as inattention and distractibility.
- Impulsive/hyperactive type: The least common type of ADHD, this type is characterized by impulsive and hyperactive behaviors without inattention and distractibility.
- Inattentive and distractible: This type of ADHD is characterized predominately by inattention and distractibility without hyperactivity.
Does my child have ADHD?
Who should be evaluated for ADHD or related disorders? Children who exhibit any of the following behavioral characteristics:
- Academic difficulties
- Difficulties with attention span or excessive level of activity at home and in school
- Behavioral difficulties
ADHD Evaluations
The first step for children seeking care and assistance through the center is a full evaluation by a physician – either a pediatric neurologist or psychiatrist specializing in ADHD. The physician will obtain a detailed medical history and perform a thorough physical and neurological examination.
A consultation with a psychologist specializing in ADHD will usually be recommended. This may include an IQ test and evaluation for symptoms of ADHD and other conditions that can be associated or mistaken for ADHD.
The need for additional testing, such as central auditory processing, will be assessed. Also, educational materials will be provided to the parents, and both parents and teachers will be asked to provide input by taking part in center questionnaires to help in completing the assessment.
Once the evaluation is complete, the physician will meet with the family to discuss and explain results.
Treatment options for ADHD
For children identified as having ADHD or associated disorders, the center offers ongoing management and support, including:
- Psychological intervention for therapy or behavior modification
- Treatment with medication
- Recommendations related to special classes to meet the child’s needs
- Referral to support groups
ADHD Symptoms in Children
If your child exhibits several of these symptoms, he or she may be a candidate for evaluation by a team of professionals.
Inattention
- Fails to pay close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
- Has difficulty maintaining attention in tasks or play activities
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
- Does not follow directions and fails to complete schoolwork, chores, or, in adolescents, on-the-job duties
- Has difficulty organizing tasks or activities
- Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework)
- Is easily distracted
- Is often forgetful in daily activities
Hyperactivity
- Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
- Leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
- Runs or climbs excessively when inappropriate
- Has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
- Is always on the go or acts is if “driven by motor”
- Often talks excessively
- In adolescents, may be exhibited by feelings of restlessness
Impulsivity
- Blurts out answers before questions have been completed
- Has difficulty waiting his/her turn
- Interrupts or intrudes on others (for example, butts into conversations or games)
This page was last updated on: January 17, 2024 04:48 PM
May 30, 2018 – One of the most common childhood disorders, ADHD is a neurological condition characterized by difficulty paying attention, impulsive behavior and/or hyperactivity. How does ADHD affect the oral health of children?
Related Podcasts
Today we are joined by Dr. Agenia Delouche, child and adolescent psychologist at Nicklaus Children's Hospital, and today we're diving into an important topic that affects many families: ADHD. We'll be covering signs to look out for, common misconceptions, and how parents and caregivers can best support their children.